UV filters/ UV absorbers are active ingredients used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products to protect the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing, reflecting, or scattering UV rays, helping to prevent sunburn, premature aging, and skin damage. They are commonly found in sunscreens, foundations, and skincare products.
Types of UV Filters
1. Organic (Chemical) UV Filters – Absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat:
o Avobenzone – Provides broad-spectrum UVA protection.
o Octinoxate & Octocrylene – Effective against UVB rays.
o Oxybenzone – Absorbs both UVA and UVB but has environmental concerns.
2. Inorganic (Physical) UV Filters – Reflect and scatter UV rays:
o Titanium Dioxide – Offers strong UVB protection and is gentle on sensitive skin.
o Zinc Oxide – Provides broad-spectrum protection and is commonly used in mineral sunscreens.
UV radiation includes UVA (315–400 nm) and UVB (280–315 nm). UV filters are combined to provide broad-spectrum coverage.
Different regions have regulations on UV filters. The EU, FDA, and ECHA maintain lists of approved UV filters with concentration limits.