A chelating agent in detergents, works by binding to and inactivating metal ions, primarily calcium and magnesium, from hard water. This process, called chelation, prevents these metal ions from reacting with surfactants, which would otherwise form insoluble deposits like soap scum and reduce the detergent’s cleaning effectiveness. By sequestering these ions, chelating agents “soften” the water and enhance the overall ability of the detergent to lift and remove dirt and stains.