These are substances that actively kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Although they may be used to enhance the safety of a product and act as preservatives (protecting the product from contamination), the main reason they are added to a product is for their therapeutic and health effects, such as reducing acne-causing bacteria or relieving and resolving existing infections, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, etc.
These agents can be synthetic or natural.
Some of the natural antimicrobial substances used in cosmetics include:
Polyphenols – found in plant extracts help protect against microbial growth.
Essential oils – derived from plants such as tea tree, lavender, and oregano, have strong antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Peptides – natural compounds that can inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Propolis and honey – are known for their antimicrobial and therapeutic properties.
Cosmetic clay and mud – used for antibacterial effects and skin-clearing benefits.